Over the last decades, with the advancement of positioning technology, the support of multi-sensors and the optimization of processing and computing technology, the surveying methods have conducted tremendous changes. Diverse and complex environments hand

Coordinate System? Parameters? Site Calibration? Are you confused with these functions sometimes?

First of all, their purpose is to obtain the final local coordinates, and some inconspicuous changes may affect the final result, caused coordinates error

Coordinate System? Parameters? Site Calibration? Are you confused with these functions sometimes?

First of all, their purpose is to obtain the final local coordinates, and some inconspicuous changes may affect the final result, caused coordinates error

Site Calibration is often mentioned in GNSS engineering survey. What is the Site Calibration here, why the Site Calibration is important before RTK survey, and how to perform the Site Calibration? In this article we will explore the meaning and applicatio

Following the general introduction of RTCM in the previous article, this article will focus on describing the new additions of the current new version of RTCM-3.X and particularly the important Multiple Signal Messages (MSM）.

TIN surface can be used in a variety of scenarios. In engineering applications, they are often used to calculate area, surface area and volume. For example, in Earthwork calculation, TIN surface is generated by the points measured in the area, and then th