As we know, the position measured by the conventional GNSS receiver is not directly at the target point, but at the antenna phase center. The receiver is usually mounted on a pole which needs to be levelled with a circular bubble in RTK surveys, and the t

When various GNSS receivers receive high-precision data from the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) for centimeter-to-millimeter-level positioning, which point coordinates are the positioning data we actually obtain? The point on the ground that th

RTCM messages are used for sending differential GNSS correction data to a GNSS receiver as a rover from a source like a base receiver or CORS Service. And the users of GNSS services normally present their results in the coordinates of regional or local ho

In the daily measurement work, some technical problems may be encountered due to incorrect settings or device abnormalities. If you can provide specific and detailed information at the first time of feedback, then the efficiency will be greatly improved.

PPP means Precise Point Positioning. It refers to the technology in which the server makes use of global or regional reference stations to make real-time estimation of satellite orbit errors, clock errors, ionospheric delay, etc., and directly broadcast

Beidou Navigation Satellite System (hereinafter referred to as BDS) is a global navigation satellite system independently constructed and operated by China. BDS is an important national space-time infrastructure that provides global users with all-weather